ANSI, ASME, ASA, B16.5 SOCKET WELD FLANGE
150 / 300 / 600 / 1500 KLASEA
Brida neurriak eta gutxi gorabeherako masa
| ANSI, ASME, ASA B16.5 150lb/sq.in.SOCKET WELD FLANGE RF | |||||||||||||
| Tamaina Nominala |
| Kanpoko diam. | Lodia.de Flange | Diam.Aurpegia altxatua | Hub-aren diametroa oinarrian | Luzera Hub bidez | Diam.Borekoa | Socket-aren sakonera | Zulo kopurua | Diam.Zuloak | Diam.Boltsen | Diam.Bolt Circle-ren | Gutxi gorabehera.Pisua Libra Kg |
| O | C | R | X | Y | B | D | |||||||
| 1/2″ | urtean. | 3.5 | 0,44 | 1.38 | 1.19 | 0,62 | 0,88 | 0,38 | 4 | 0,62 | 1/2 | 2.38 | 1 |
| mm. | 88.9 | 11.2 | 35.1 | 30.2 | 15.7 | 22.4 | 9.7 | 15.7 | 12.7 | 60.5 | 0,5 | ||
| 3/4″ | urtean. | 3.88 | 0,5 | 1.69 | 1.5 | 0,62 | 1.09 | 0,44 | 4 | 0,62 | 1/2 | 2.75 | 2 |
| mm. | 98.6 | 12.7 | 42.9 | 38.1 | 15.7 | 27.7 | 11.2 | 15.7 | 12.7 | 69.9 | 1 | ||
| 1″ | urtean. | 4.25 | 0,56 | 2 | 1.94 | 0,69 | 1.36 | 0,5 | 4 | 0,62 | 1/2 | 3.12 | 2 |
| mm. | 108 | 14.2 | 50.8 | 49.3 | 17.5 | 34.5 | 12.7 | 15.7 | 12.7 | 79.2 | 1 | ||
| 1 1/4″ | urtean. | 4.62 | 0,62 | 2.5 | 2.31 | 0,81 | 1.7 | 0,56 | 4 | 0,62 | 1/2 | 3.5 | 3 |
| mm. | 117.3 | 15.7 | 63.5 | 58.7 | 20.6 | 43.2 | 14.2 | 15.7 | 12.7 | 88.9 | 1 | ||
| 1 1/2″ | urtean. | 5 | 0,69 | 2.88 | 2.56 | 0,88 | 1.95 | 0,62 | 4 | 0,62 | 1/2 | 3.88 | 3 |
| mm. | 127 | 17.5 | 73.2 | 65 | 22.4 | 49.5 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 12.7 | 98.6 | 1 | ||
| 2″ | urtean. | 6 | 0,75 | 3.62 | 3.06 | 1 | 2.44 | 0,69 | 4 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 4.75 | 5 |
| mm. | 152.4 | 19.1 | 91.9 | 77.7 | 25.4 | 62 | 17.5 | 19.1 | 15.9 | 120.7 | 2 | ||
| 2 1/2″ | urtean. | 7 | 0,88 | 4.12 | 3.56 | 1.12 | 2.94 | 0,75 | 4 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 5.5 | 7 |
| mm. | 177,8 | 22.4 | 104.6 | 90.4 | 28.4 | 74.7 | 19.1 | 19.1 | 15.9 | 139.7 | 3 | ||
| 3″ | urtean. | 7.5 | 0,94 | 5 | 4.25 | 1.19 | 3.57 | 0,81 | 4 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 6 | 8 |
| mm. | 190.5 | 23.9 | 127 | 108 | 30.2 | 90.7 | 20.6 | 19.1 | 15.9 | 152.4 | 4 | ||
| 3 1/2″ | urtean. | 8.5 | 0,94 | 5.5 | 4.81 | 1.25 | 4.07 |
| 8 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 7 | 11 |
| mm. | 215.9 | 23.9 | 139.7 | 122.2 | 31.8 | 103.4 |
| 19.1 | 15.9 | 177,8 | 5 | ||
| 4″ | urtean. | 9 | 0,94 | 6.19 | 5.31 | 1.31 | 4.57 |
| 8 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 7.5 | 13 |
| mm. | 228.6 | 23.9 | 157.2 | 134.9 | 33.3 | 116.1 |
| 19.1 | 15.9 | 190.5 | 6 | ||
| 5″ | urtean. | 10 | 0,94 | 7.31 | 6.44 | 1.44 | 5.66 |
| 8 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 8.5 | 15 |
| mm. | 254 | 23.9 | 185.7 | 163.6 | 36.6 | 143.8 |
| 22.4 | 19.1 | 215.9 | 7 | ||
| 6″ | urtean. | 11 | 1 | 8.5 | 7.56 | 1.56 | 6.72 |
| 8 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 9.5 | 19 |
| mm. | 279.4 | 25.4 | 215.9 | 192 | 39.6 | 170.7 |
| 22.4 | 19.1 | 241.3 | 9 | ||
| 8″ | urtean. | 13.5 | 1.12 | 10.62 | 9.69 | 1.75 | 8.72 |
| 8 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 11.75 | 30 |
| mm. | 342.9 | 28.4 | 269.7 | 246.1 | 44.5 | 221.5 |
| 22.4 | 19.1 | 298.5 | 14 | ||
| 10″ | urtean. | 16 | 1.19 | 12.75 | 12 | 1.94 | 10.88 |
| 12 | 1 | 7/8 | 14.25 | 43 |
| mm. | 406.4 | 30.2 | 323.9 | 304.8 | 49.3 | 276.4 |
| 25.4 | 22.2 | 362 | 20 | ||
| 12″ | urtean. | 19 | 1.25 | 15 | 14.38 | 2.19 | 12.88 |
| 12 | 1 | 7/8 | 17 | 64 |
| mm. | 482.6 | 31.8 | 381 | 365.3 | 55.6 | 327.2 |
| 25.4 | 22.2 | 431.8 | 29 | ||
| 14″ | urtean. | 21 | 1.38 | 16.25 | 15.75 | 2.25 | 14.14 |
| 12 | 1.12 | 1 | 18.75 | 90 |
| mm. | 533.4 | 35.1 | 412.8 | 400.1 | 57.2 | 359.2 |
| 28.4 | 25.4 | 476.3 | 41 | ||
| 16″ | urtean. | 23.5 | 1.44 | 18.5 | 18 | 2.5 | 16.16 |
| 16 | 1.12 | 1 | 21.25 | 98 |
| mm. | 596.9 | 36.6 | 469,9 | 457.2 | 63.5 | 410.5 |
| 28.4 | 25.4 | 539,8 | 44 | ||
| 18″ | urtean. | 25 | 1.56 | 21 | 19.88 | 2.69 | 18.18 |
| 16 | 1.25 | 1 1/8 | 22.75 | 130 |
| mm. | 635 | 39.6 | 533.4 | 505 | 68.3 | 461.8 |
| 31.8 | 28.6 | 577,9 | 59 | ||
| 20″ | urtean. | 27.5 | 1.69 | 23 | 22 | 2.88 | 20.2 |
| 20 | 1.25 | 1 1/8 | 25 | 165 |
| mm. | 698.5 | 42.9 | 584.2 | 558.8 | 73.2 | 513.1 |
| 31.8 | 28.6 | 635 | 75 | ||
| 24″ | urtean. | 32 | 1.88 | 27.25 | 26.12 | 3.25 | 24.25 |
| 20 | 1.38 | 1 1/4 | 29.5 | 220 |
| mm. | 812.8 | 47.8 | 692.2 | 663.4 | 82.6 | 616 |
| 35.1 | 31.8 | 749.3 | 100 | ||
OHAR:
(1) Brida hauek aurpegi lauarekin behar direnean, lodiera osoa edo lodiera altxatutako aurpegia kenduta horni daitezke.
Erabiltzaileei gogorarazten zaie altxatutako aurpegia kenduz gero, hub bidezko luzera ez estandarra bihurtuko dela.
(2) Dimentsio hau hubaren mutur handirako da, zuzena edo konikoa izan daitekeena.bridak hariztatuak, irristagarriak, entxufeen soldadura eta lapatutako bridak.
(3) Socket Weld Flange Bore Tamaina SCH10, SCH20, SCH30, STD, SCH40, SCH60, SCH80, SCH100, SCH 120, SCH140, SCH160, XS.
| ANSI, ASME, ASA B16.5 300lb/sq.in.SOCKET WELD FLANGE RF | |||||||||||||
| Tamaina Nominala |
| Kanpoko diam. | Lodia.de Flange | Diam.Aurpegia altxatua | Hub-aren diametroa oinarrian | Luzera Hub bidez | Diam.Borekoa | Socket-aren sakonera | Zulo kopurua | Diam.Zuloak | Diam.Boltsen | Diam.Bolt Circle-ren | Gutxi gorabehera.Pisua Libra Kg |
| O | C | R | X | Y | B | D | |||||||
| 1/2″ | urtean. | 3.75 | 0,56 | 1.38 | 1.5 | 0,88 | 0,88 | 0,38 | 4 | 0,62 | 1/2 | 2.62 | 2 |
| mm. | 95.3 | 14.2 | 35.1 | 38.1 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 9.7 | 15.7 | 12.7 | 66.5 | 1 | ||
| 3/4″ | urtean. | 4.62 | 0,62 | 1.69 | 1.88 | 1 | 1.09 | 0,44 | 4 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 3.25 | 3 |
| mm. | 117.3 | 15.7 | 42.9 | 47.8 | 25.4 | 27.7 | 11.2 | 19.1 | 15.9 | 82.6 | 1 | ||
| 1″ | urtean. | 4.88 | 0,69 | 2 | 2.12 | 1.06 | 1.36 | 0,5 | 4 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 3.5 | 3 |
| mm. | 124 | 17.5 | 50.8 | 53.8 | 26.9 | 34.5 | 12.7 | 19.1 | 15.9 | 88.9 | 1 | ||
| 1 1/4″ | urtean. | 5.25 | 0,75 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.06 | 1.7 | 0,56 | 4 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 3.88 | 4 |
| mm. | 133.4 | 19.1 | 63.5 | 63.5 | 26.9 | 43.2 | 14.2 | 19.1 | 15.9 | 98.6 | 2 | ||
| 1 1/2″ | urtean. | 6.12 | 0,81 | 2.88 | 2.75 | 1.19 | 1.95 | 0,62 | 4 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 4.5 | 6 |
| mm. | 155.4 | 20.6 | 73.2 | 69.9 | 30.2 | 49.5 | 15.7 | 22.4 | 19.1 | 114.3 | 3 | ||
| 2″ | urtean. | 6.5 | 0,88 | 3.62 | 3.31 | 1.31 | 2.44 | 0,69 | 8 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 5 | 7 |
| mm. | 165.1 | 22.4 | 91.9 | 84.1 | 33.3 | 62 | 17.5 | 19.1 | 15.9 | 127 | 3 | ||
| 2 1/2″ | urtean. | 7.5 | 1 | 4.12 | 3.94 | 1.5 | 2.94 | 0,75 | 8 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 5.88 | 10 |
| mm. | 190.5 | 25.4 | 104.6 | 100.1 | 38.1 | 74.7 | 19.1 | 22.4 | 19.1 | 149.4 | 5 | ||
| 3″ | urtean. | 8.25 | 1.12 | 5 | 4.62 | 1.69 | 3.57 | 0,81 | 8 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 6.62 | 13 |
| mm. | 209.6 | 28.4 | 127 | 117.3 | 42.9 | 90.7 | 20.6 | 22.4 | 19.1 | 168.1 | 6 | ||
| 3 1/2″ | urtean. | 9 | 1.19 | 5.5 | 5.25 | 1.75 | 4.07 |
| 8 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 7.25 | 17 |
| mm. | 228.6 | 30.2 | 139.7 | 133.4 | 44.5 | 103.4 |
| 22.4 | 19.1 | 184.2 | 8 | ||
| 4″ | urtean. | 10 | 1.25 | 6.19 | 5.75 | 1.88 | 4.57 |
| 8 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 7.88 | 22 |
| mm. | 254 | 31.8 | 157.2 | 146.1 | 47.8 | 116.1 |
| 22.4 | 19.1 | 200.2 | 10 | ||
| 5″ | urtean. | 11 | 1.38 | 7.31 | 7 | 2 | 5.66 |
| 8 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 9.25 | 28 |
| mm. | 279.4 | 35.1 | 185.7 | 177,8 | 50.8 | 143.8 |
| 22.4 | 19.1 | 235 | 13 | ||
| 6″ | urtean. | 12.5 | 1.44 | 8.5 | 8.12 | 2.06 | 6.72 |
| 12 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 10.62 | 39 |
| mm. | 317.5 | 36.6 | 215.9 | 206.2 | 52.3 | 170.7 |
| 22.4 | 19.1 | 269.7 | 18 | ||
| 8″ | urtean. | 15 | 1.62 | 10.62 | 10.25 | 2.44 | 8.72 |
| 12 | 1 | 7/8 | 13 | 58 |
| mm. | 381 | 41.1 | 269.7 | 260.4 | 62 | 221.5 |
| 25.4 | 22.2 | 330.2 | 26 | ||
| 10″ | urtean. | 17.5 | 1.88 | 12.75 | 12.62 | 2.62 | 10.88 |
| 16 | 1.12 | 1 | 15.25 | 81 |
| mm. | 444.5 | 47.8 | 323.9 | 320.5 | 66.5 | 276.4 |
| 28.4 | 25.4 | 387.4 | 37 | ||
| 12″ | urtean. | 20.5 | 2 | 15 | 14.75 | 2.88 | 12.88 |
| 16 | 1.25 | 1 1/8 | 17.75 | 115 |
| mm. | 520.7 | 50.8 | 381 | 374,7 | 73.2 | 327.2 |
| 31.8 | 28.6 | 450.9 | 52 | ||
| 14″ | urtean. | 23 | 2.12 | 16.25 | 16.75 | 3 | 14.14 |
| 20 | 1.25 | 1 1/8 | 20.25 | 165 |
| mm. | 584.2 | 53.8 | 412.8 | 425.5 | 76.2 | 359.2 |
| 31.8 | 28.6 | 514.4 | 75 | ||
| 16″ | urtean. | 25.5 | 2.25 | 18.5 | 19 | 3.25 | 16.16 |
| 20 | 1.38 | 1 1/4 | 22.5 | 190 |
| mm. | 647.7 | 57.2 | 469,9 | 482.6 | 82.6 | 410.5 |
| 35.1 | 31.8 | 571.5 | 86 | ||
| 18″ | urtean. | 28 | 2.38 | 21 | 21 | 3.5 | 18.18 |
| 24 | 1.38 | 1 1/4 | 24.75 | 250 |
| mm. | 711.2 | 60.5 | 533.4 | 533.4 | 88.9 | 461.8 |
| 35.1 | 31.8 | 628.7 | 113 | ||
| 20″ | urtean. | 30.5 | 2.5 | 23 | 23.12 | 3.75 | 20.2 |
| 24 | 1.38 | 1 1/4 | 27 | 315 |
| mm. | 774,7 | 63.5 | 584.2 | 587.2 | 95.3 | 513.1 |
| 35.1 | 31.8 | 685.8 | 143 | ||
| 24″ | urtean. | 36 | 2.75 | 27.25 | 27.62 | 4.19 | 24.25 |
| 24 | 1.62 | 1 1/2 | 32 | 475 |
| mm. | 914.4 | 69.9 | 692.2 | 701.5 | 106.4 | 616 |
| 41.1 | 38.1 | 812.8 | 215 | ||
| ANSI, ASME, ASA B16.5 600lb/sq.in.SOCKET WELD FLANGE RF | |||||||||||||
| Tamaina Nominala |
| Kanpoko diam. | Lodia.de Flange | Diam.Aurpegia altxatua | Hub-aren diametroa oinarrian | Luzera Hub bidez | Diam.Borekoa | Socket-aren sakonera | Zulo kopurua | Diam.Zuloak | Diam.Boltsen | Diam.Bolt Circle-ren | Gutxi gorabehera.Pisua Libra Kg |
| O | C | R | X | Y | B | D | |||||||
| 1/2″ | urtean. | 3.75 | 0,56 | 1.38 | 1.5 | 0,88 | 0,88 | 0,38 | 4 | 0,62 | 1/2 | 2.62 | 2 |
| mm. | 95.3 | 14.2 | 35.1 | 38.1 | 22.4 | 22.4 | 9.7 | 15.7 | 12.7 | 66.5 | 1 | ||
| 3/4″ | urtean. | 4.62 | 0,62 | 1.69 | 1.88 | 1 | 1.09 | 0,44 | 4 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 3.25 | 3 |
| mm. | 117.3 | 15.7 | 42.9 | 47.8 | 25.4 | 27.7 | 11.2 | 19.1 | 15.9 | 82.6 | 1 | ||
| 1″ | urtean. | 4.88 | 0,69 | 2 | 2.12 | 1.06 | 1.36 | 0,5 | 4 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 3.5 | 4 |
| mm. | 124 | 17.5 | 50.8 | 53.8 | 26.9 | 34.5 | 12.7 | 19.1 | 15.9 | 88.9 | 2 | ||
| 1 1/4″ | urtean. | 5.25 | 0,81 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.12 | 1.7 | 0,56 | 4 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 3.88 | 5 |
| mm. | 133.4 | 20.6 | 63.5 | 63.5 | 28.4 | 43.2 | 14.2 | 19.1 | 15.9 | 98.6 | 2 | ||
| 1 1/2″ | urtean. | 6.12 | 0,88 | 2.88 | 2.75 | 1.25 | 1.95 | 0,62 | 4 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 4.5 | 7 |
| mm. | 155.4 | 22.4 | 73.2 | 69.9 | 31.8 | 49.5 | 15.7 | 22.4 | 19.1 | 114.3 | 3 | ||
| 2″ | urtean. | 6.5 | 1 | 3.62 | 3.31 | 1.44 | 2.44 | 0,69 | 8 | 0,75 | 5/8 | 5 | 9 |
| mm. | 165.1 | 25.4 | 91.9 | 84.1 | 36.6 | 62 | 17.5 | 19.1 | 15.9 | 127 | 4 | ||
| 2 1/2″ | urtean. | 7.5 | 1.12 | 4.12 | 3.94 | 1.62 | 2.94 | 0,75 | 8 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 5.88 | 13 |
| mm. | 190.5 | 28.4 | 104.6 | 100.1 | 41.1 | 74.7 | 19.1 | 22.4 | 19.1 | 149.4 | 6 | ||
| 3″ | urtean. | 8.25 | 1.25 | 5 | 4.62 | 1.81 | 3.57 | 0,81 | 8 | 0,88 | 3/4 | 6.62 | 16 |
| mm. | 209.6 | 31.8 | 127 | 117.3 | 46 | 90.7 | 20.6 | 22.4 | 19.1 | 168.1 | 7 | ||
| 3 1/2″ | urtean. | 9 | 1.38 | 5.5 | 5.25 | 1.94 | 4.07 |
| 8 | 1 | 7/8 | 7.25 | 21 |
| mm. | 228.6 | 35.1 | 139.7 | 133.4 | 49.3 | 103.4 |
| 25.4 | 22.2 | 184.2 | 10 | ||
| 4″ | urtean. | 10.75 | 1.5 | 6.19 | 6 | 2.12 | 4.57 |
| 8 | 1 | 7/8 | 8.5 | 37 |
| mm. | 273.1 | 38.1 | 157.2 | 152.4 | 53.8 | 116.1 |
| 25.4 | 22.2 | 215.9 | 17 | ||
| 5″ | urtean. | 13 | 1.75 | 7.31 | 7.44 | 2.38 | 5.66 |
| 8 | 1.12 | 1 | 10.5 | 63 |
| mm. | 330.2 | 44.5 | 185.7 | 189 | 60.5 | 143.8 |
| 28.4 | 25.4 | 266.7 | 29 | ||
| 6″ | urtean. | 14 | 1.88 | 8.5 | 8.75 | 2.62 | 6.72 |
| 12 | 1.12 | 1 | 11.5 | 80 |
| mm. | 355.6 | 47.8 | 215.9 | 222.3 | 66.5 | 170.7 |
| 28.4 | 25.4 | 292.1 | 36 | ||
| 8″ | urtean. | 16.5 | 2.19 | 10.62 | 10.75 | 3 | 8.72 |
| 12 | 1.25 | 1 1/8 | 13.75 | 115 |
| mm. | 419.1 | 55.6 | 269.7 | 273.1 | 76.2 | 221.5 |
| 31.8 | 28.6 | 349.3 | 52 | ||
| 10″ | urtean. | 20 | 2.5 | 12.75 | 13.5 | 3.38 | 10.88 |
| 16 | 1.38 | 1 1/4 | 17 | 170 |
| mm. | 508 | 63.5 | 323.9 | 342.9 | 85.9 | 276.4 |
| 35.1 | 31.8 | 431.8 | 77 | ||
| 12″ | urtean. | 22 | 2.62 | 15 | 15.75 | 3.62 | 12.88 |
| 20 | 1.38 | 1 1/4 | 19.25 | 200 |
| mm. | 558.8 | 66.5 | 381 | 400.1 | 91.9 | 327.2 |
| 35.1 | 31.8 | 489 | 91 | ||
| 14″ | urtean. | 23.75 | 2.75 | 16.25 | 17 | 3.69 | 14.14 |
| 20 | 1.5 | 1 3/8 | 20.75 | 230 |
| mm. | 603.3 | 69.9 | 412.8 | 431.8 | 93.7 | 359.2 |
| 38.1 | 34.9 | 527.1 | 104 | ||
| 16″ | urtean. | 27 | 3 | 18.5 | 19.5 | 4.19 | 16.16 |
| 20 | 1.62 | 1 1/2 | 23.75 | 330 |
| mm. | 685.8 | 76.2 | 469,9 | 495.3 | 106.4 | 410.5 |
| 41.1 | 38.1 | 603.3 | 150 | ||
| 18″ | urtean. | 29.25 | 3.25 | 21 | 21.5 | 4.62 | 18.18 |
| 20 | 1.75 | 1 5/8 | 25.75 | 400 |
| mm. | 743 | 82.6 | 533.4 | 546.1 | 117.3 | 461.8 |
| 44.5 | 41.3 | 654.1 | 181 | ||
| 20″ | urtean. | 32 | 3.5 | 23 | 24 | 5 | 20.2 |
| 24 | 1.75 | 1 5/8 | 28.5 | 510 |
| mm. | 812.8 | 88.9 | 584.2 | 609.6 | 127 | 513.1 |
| 44.5 | 41.3 | 723.9 | 231 | ||
| 24″ | urtean. | 37 | 4 | 27.25 | 28.25 | 5.5 | 24.25 |
| 24 | 2 | 1 7/8 | 33 | 730 |
| mm. | 939,8 | 101.6 | 692.2 | 717.6 | 139.7 | 616 |
| 50.8 | 47.6 | 838.2 | 331 | ||
Produkzio-gaitasuna eta erosketa xehetasunak
1. Hornidura Brida Dimentsioa DN15 - DN2000 (1/2″ - 80″), Forjatutako Brida.
2. Materiala Karbono altzairua: ASTM A105, A181, A350 LF1, A350LF2, A350LF3, A36, A234 WPB, Q235B, 20#, 20Mn etab.
3. Material altzairu herdoilgaitza: ASTM A182 F304, F304L, F316, F316L, F321 etab.
4. Herdoilaren aurkako bridak: Herdoilaren aurkako olioa, Pintura beltza, Pintura horia estaldura, Galbanizatu beroa, Galbanizatu hotza eta abar.
5. Hileko irteera: 3000 tona Hileko.
6. Entregatzeko baldintzak: CIF, CFR, FOB, EXW.
7. Ordainketa baldintzak: alanbre-transferentzia (T/T), ezeztaezina den L/C bistatik etab.
8. Gutxieneko eskaera kopurua: 1Ton edo 100Pcs.
9. Kalitate-bermea: EN10204 3.1 Ziurtagiria, Errota Ziurtagiria, Hirugarrenen Ikuskapena, Doako Ordezko Zerbitzua.
10. Bilatu eskakizun gehiago bridak merkatuan.